Pneumatic hammer.



J. J. SHEBHAN.

PNEUMATIG HAMMER. APPLICATION FILED 'AUG'. ze, 1914;

1,126,890.v Patented Feb. 2, 1915.

, y frieny BWUMTIC I i' i l :Specification of letters I Ptent.

' retreated rei. e, 1.915.

i .application filed ingest 26,1914. Serial Elo'. @555619. i

Y 0. all whom t mag/concern i` .,Be/it knownv that l, donnv d. SHEEHAN, a citizen of the United States,I residing at Roanoke,. in the county of Roanoke and State of Virginia, have `invented. ,certain newl and usefullmprovenients in Pneumatic Hammers, of which the following is a speci-v l cation.

ein

quently This'invention relates to pneumatic hainmers or riveters' and has for'its object to provide means for retaining -the, tool to the barrel of the hammer when the hammer iS held with its outer end downward or when the air is accidentally admitted to the hammer piston at a time when the tool is not in` position against the work.l As is well known to those acquainted with the art, these hammers are made with the tool nnsecured -to the hammer barrel and conse quentlyl anilltiined opening of the air valve is very likely to shoot the tool tlnough the air instead of driving it against the work.

1t will be readily seen that serious accidents may readily result from this, andthe present invention is thereforey intended to-piovidefsiinple means for preventing this dropping. or Vdischarge of the tooliand at the same time to allow the ready removal and 'exchange of tools as is necessary in the routine of work.

1n the drawingsfhignre l is a part side elevational view and part sectional elevational View of a pneumatic hai'nnier having niy invention applied thereto. 'F 2 is a broken perspective view ci3 the sleeve or. my invention and Fig. 3 is a siirilar vier: of an alternative arrangernehL of sleeve.

l the customary practice to simply enter the shank 5 of the-'tool intothe here 9 of the barrel, holding the tool there with the hand until the working face 8 is in position against tlieworlr.- 'When against the work the tool will he held in the bore or cavity') without the aid oi?k operator andvwithouta retaining device. Fifhe blow on the tool is obtained' by admittingf conipressed-air'be hind the piston 3 wnich piston is conse- Vlie trirffrerl l0 is ordishank of the tool.

driven downward, striking the' narily providedfor shutting onandl'oltllis supply of compressed air. 1tv will 'beseexr that ify the airis turned'onfwith the t'ol unsecured in the 'cavityA 9', the tool" will'be-othrown or'shot out of the 'hammer as before described. Various 'means have beenk heretofore provided for retaining this tool, but none so' far asl ani aware havenever .been

entirely successful. They are too diiicult 65 vto detach for changing the tool or they are not sturdy .enough to stand! up'under the severev punishment they receive. Others also have proved to be unreliable and serve merely to hold the tool in place when the air is not turned on. The standard.l hainmer is customarily provided with a circumferential groove' 11 about the outer end-of. the barrel to accommodate a re einer of this latter type' and the embodiment of the fea- 75 tures of my invention on a hammer makes' it unnecessary to abandon this groove which is now found in .most hammers. ln addition to retaining this feature, niy device is ap'simple, durable, eective and easily de- 30 tachable one,' the elementsvand operation of which I will now proceed to describe.

Rigidly secured to' the. hammer barrel 'near its outer end and 'projecting laterally from the vouter surface thereof yare short g5 studs o'r dowels 12. Encoinpassing the outer en'doir' thisv hammer Yharrel 2 and emlbracing the said studs 12 l provide a hollow sleeve 13, this sleevebeing shown with a slightly reduced portion at its outer end at l and having an inwardly extending collar 15 at its extreme outer end. The bore of this'hollow sleeveis made at' the said collar 15 of. suiiicient diameter tov accommodate the body i' of the tool 4 and at 'the re- 95 duced portion 1% the bore is made suitable for receiving a coil spring 16. The bore of the inner end of the sleeve 13 is, of course. made suitable to it over the outer end of the hammer barrel, and this bore as well as 10g I the bore of the portion at'll is made slightly" greater than the diameter lof the collar 6 on Y.the tool Il. f

WVhen the tool el; is in position in the ham'- iner the inner tace of the collar' 6 is against 105 the outer end l? of the hammer barrel vand f "is held thereagainst by the compression of the spring 16 which is compressed .between vthe outer face of the collar 6 of the" tool and the inner tace of the collar 15 of the 110 hollow sleeve.

'The internal surface of the hollow sleeve 13 is provided with grooves which are adapted to accommodate the studs 12. These grooves consist of longitudinally disposed entering grooves 18 (see Fig. 2), a continuous circumferential turning groove 19 and longitudinally' extending retaining grooves 20. The entering grooves 18 extend from kthe barrel end of the sleeve to the turning tool 4; is insertedinto the cavity 9 lof thegroove 19 and the retaining grooves 20 extend back a short distance from the turning groove toward the barrel end of the sleeve' and at a slightly dioferent circumferential position on the internal surface ofthe sleeve than the entering grooves. 15

4hammer barrel and the spring 16 is put in 'position over the body portion of the tool. The hollow sleeve 13 is then slipped over the e parts and over the outer end of the ha mer barrel, the sleeve being turned 4so that the studs 12.will enter the grooves 18. In order to push the hollow sleeve fai` enough over the hammer barrel to bring the studs 12 into registry with the circumferential turning groove 19 the spring 16 must be compressed betweeii'the collars on the sleeve and on the tool. The hollow sleeve is then revolvedthe studs turning in the turning groove until they register with the retaining grooves 20 when the compression of the spring Will seat them in the bottom ofthese retaining grooves. The compression of the spring 16 should be enough that when th e l2 are so seated in the bottom of.' "i r" ng grooves the spring will 4still'besli'gh y'c'ompressed. lfVith the parts sogapplied tl lf'tocl 4 will be firmly secured to the hammerbarrel and cannot be removed kwithoutareversal of the operation just de- :scribed for its application.

In addition to holding the studs in the bottom of lthe retaining grooves the spring 16 serves also-to cushion the blow of the tool against the collar 15 whenvthe tool is not against the work and the hammer is operated. Likewise, the blows of the tool against this spring will force the sleeve all tlieharder against the studs so that at this time the element of safety vis the greatest".

n Fig. 3'I have shown a slightly 'altered arriingement of the entering and retaining lgrooves, their funci'ons being identical with4 those of the grooves in Fig.' v2. I.For ease of manufacture, however, the arrangement in tering grooves may be formed `by simply drilling holes at the desired locations, removing the metal all the way thrbugh the sleeve instead of just on the internal surface.

In some previous devices also it has been diflicult to make .the parts of a size suitable for receiving the larger tools. In my device I am enabled'to use any tool on which the collar 6 isnot 'larger than the end. ofthe hammer barrel and in the drawings I have shown thishammer barrel as enlarged near its outer end to accommodate an even larger4 tool. Hammers ordinarily do not have this enlargement and for smaller tools it is not needed. Its use, however, as stated, allows the `application of the larger sized tools.

It will thus be seen that I have provided an improvement in this art that will accomplish the objects desired.

lIt will be evident that 'those skilled in the artv may make various changes in the details of this device Within the scope of the claims' without departing from the spirit thereof. Having thus described my invention what I claim is:

1. In a pneumatic hammer a hollow toolretaining sleeve adapted to embrace the outer end of the barrel of the said ham mer, in combination with laterally projecting studs affixed to the barrel of said hammer near the outer end thereof, said hollow' sleeve being provided on its internal surface with entering and retaining grooves adapted to register with, and accommodate the said studs.

2. In a pneumatic hammer a hollow toolretaining sleeve adapted to embrace the outer end of the barrel of the said hammer, in combination with laterally projecting studs aiixed to the barrel of said hammer near the outer end thereof, said hollow sleeve being provided on its internal surface with longitudinally disposed entering grooves, a-

circumfei'entially disposed turning groove, and longitudinally extending retaining grooves, said entering, turning and retaiiiing grooves being adapted to accommodate the said studs.

3. In a pneumatic hammer a hollow toolretaining sleeve adapted to embrace the 1' outer end of the barrel of the said hammer, in combination' with laterally projecting studs afhxed to the barrel of said liaii'imer near the outer end thereof, said hollow sleeve being provided on its internal surface J with entering and retaininggrooves adapted to registerwith and accommodate the said studs, andvbeing further provided at its outer end with an internally disposed collar, a tool having a collar near its inner' end and having the body thereof ci ieee diameter than the internal diameter o saidhollow sleeve, .the bore of the said inter- 1nally disposed collar being such as to ac` commodate the body of said tooi, and ak spring interposed between'- `the collar on said tool 4and the collar'on said sleeve and radapted to' occupy A the annular. space between the body of said tool and the internal 10 suraoe of said sleeve.

4.-. A pneumatic. hammer having laterally projecting studs aiiix'ed to the barrel thereof near its outer end, in combination witha hollow tool-retaining sleeve adapted to embrace the outer end of the said hammer,l said 4hollow sleeve being providedwith reversely 'and substantially llongitudinall'y disposed entering and retaininggrooves"adapted to a tool in combination with a. tool retaining sleeve and a coilv spring, -said'loarrel being provided at its outer end with a cavity to receive the said tool and being provided near its outer end with laterally projectingstuds, said tool having a shank at its inner end adaped to enter the eavity in trie end of .said barrei and being provided with acoiiar 35 adjacent the said shank, the outer portion or body said tool being; of less diarneteir than 'the said collar, said taci retaining sleeve heing hollow and heilig adapted at its inner .end to. embrace 'theouter ndof' .42h

said barrel, the internal vSurface of sleeve 'being provided with entering 'and retaining grooves 'adapted to engage' the said studs on the said barrel, said .retainingsleeve being provided atits outer' end with' an inwardlydisposed coiiar, the opening" through the?y said collar being ,of less diameter than the opening 'throughthe remainder of the said hollow" sleeve. and-of such a size as to accommodate the body portion of the said tool', thesaid coil springy being disposed 'externally ofthe bodyportion of said tool and' internally ,of the saidhoilow sleeve andl longitudinally between the coilars on thesaid tool andsaid sleeve, vsaid spring being'fthereby adapted to hold the said 'tool against the said barrel and'.v the said studs Within thesaid retaining grooves of said sleeve.

in testimony' whereoir1 aiiix my signature v60 in presence of two witnesses.

. a, SHEEHAN.

Witnesses: i

R. H. PERSINGER, G. MAsLiN DAVIS. 

